|
-
Several business opportunities with high profit making
potential, which are economic
catalysts and components to the Strategy for African Countries - here
available, have been introduced to you. They are listed
in following table.
|
a-
SHEA BUTTER (Issues 5,
6,
7,
11,
12,
13)
b- BLUE GOLD (Issues 14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19)
c- FREEZE-DRIED PAPAIN (Issues 20,
21,
22
and here)
d- KENAF (Issues 23,
24)
e- VEGETABLE OIL (Issues 25,
26,
27
and 28)
f- CEREALS (Issues 30,
31,
32,
33)
g- FRUITS (34,
35,
36,
37,
38,
39,
40,
42,
43)
|
-
TROPICAL FRUITS INDUSTRY AS INCOME
BUILDING POWER FOR AN AFRICAN COMMUNITY:
PART
X : INTRODUCTION TO FOOD ENZYME MARKET / NATURAL NUTRIMENTS
/ BROMELAIN / A COMPETITOR OF PAPAIN
Pineapple fruit is an extraordinary
concentrate of several chemical components necessary
to a healthy human and animal life as shown by the composition
below listed:
Composition: Per 100 g
of pineapple fruit:
 47-52
calories, 85.3-87.0 g H2O, 0.4-0.7 g protein,
0.2-0.3 g fat, 11.6-13.7 g total carbohydrate,
0.4-0.5 g fiber, 0.3-0.4 g ash, 17-18
mg Ca, 8-12 mg P, 0.5 mg Fe, 1-2
mg Na, 125-146 mg K, 32-42 mg b-carotene
equivalent, 0.06-0.08 mg thiamin, 0.03- 0.04
mg riboflavin, 0.2-0.3 mg niacin, and
17-61(-96) mg ascorbic acid.
The following aromatics / essential oils have been
detected: methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isobutanol,
n-pentanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl-n-butyrate, methylisovalerianate,
methyl-n-capronate, methyl-n-caprylate, n-amyl-n-capronate,
ethyl lactate, methyl-b-methylthiolpropionate, ethyl-b-methylthiolpropionate,
and diacetyl, acetone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfurol,
and 5-hydroxy-2-methylfurfurol. Source
Pineapple cultivated in African countries is exported
as fresh or canned fruit, or locally processed into
juice concentrates and syrup for the local and export
market. Pineapple bran, the cake / residue obtained
after extracting the juice, has a high content of vitamin
A: it is an excellent feed for livestock. From the juice
citric acid could be extracted, or processed into alcohol,
after fermentation.
The most interesting processed product, however, is
a food enzyme called Bromelain or Bromelin, which is
a competitor to papain.
-
BROMELAIN BIOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY
AND MEDICINAL USE
Bromelain is a mixture of several proteases / enzymes.
It is a competitor to papain
(from papaya) and is used for tenderizing meat; chill
proofing beer; additive to gelatin to increase its solubility.
Etc. It is also a stabilizer for latex paints and an
efficient additive in leather-tanning chemical mixture.
In modern therapy, it is taken as a digestive and used
for its anti-inflammatory action after surgery; to reduce
swellings in cases of physical injuries; also in the
treatment of various other sufferings.
Indeed, bromelain has a very large specter of usage
in biochemistry, pharmacology and miscellaneous illness
treatments because it contains, among other components,
various closely related proteinases, demonstrating,
in vitro and in vivo, antiedematous, antiinflammatory,
antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities.
Due to its efficacy after oral administration, its safety
and lack of undesired side effects, bromelain has earned
growing acceptance and compliance among patients as
a phytotherapeutical drug. Click
here for more.
Bromelain is therefore largely used in developed countries
as supplement / nutrient. Particularly in the States.
 -
In view of above listed usage of Bromelain, and the
outstanding
chemical components present in pineapple fruit itself,
African countries should devote more Research
& Development to Pineapple fruit in order to creating
pharmaceutical / phytomedicinal industries / food enzymes
for local and export market.
-
PAPAIN / BROMELAIN / FOOD ENZYME MARKET
According to the Chemical Marketing Reporter, the US'
food enzyme market is growing 3% to 5% annually in tight
correlation with the growth in Europe - the main supplier
to the US' market.
The greatest competitor (proteolytic enzyme) to papain
i.e. which can more or less be a complete substitute
to papain is bromelain - derived from pineapple.
Table below lists Spot prices of
papain during the period of June 1990 - April 1994.
(Source:
Journal of Commerce June 1990 - April 1994 - posted
here).
Even if these prices are now outdated,
they do give an idea of the expensive pricing papain
(and therefore its substitute bromelain) could reach
on the international marketplace.
Prices are fluctuating in the US$/ kg 45 to 120 range
since 10 years running in close relationship with offer
and demand.
| Years |
6/90 |
12/90 |
6/91 |
12/91 |
6/92 |
12/92 |
6/93 |
12/93 |
4/94
|
| $US/kg |
45.00 |
45.00 |
45.00 |
45.00 |
45.00 |
99.00 |
99.50 |
120.00 |
85.00
|
-
THE US MARKET OF FOOD ENZYMES
The US is the major market for all kinds of enzymes.
It consumes more or less 85 % of enzymes produced worldwide.
The US is therefore the main export outlet for other
producing countries.
The Statistics on US import of enzymes in value (in
the category of "Other enzymes") obtained
from the USDA
/ Foreign Agricultural Service, from year 1996 to year
2001, is reported in following table:
(Papain is certainly included in the imports' total;
however one cannot have a clear idea in which amount.
Nevertheless one could assumed that import from tropical
countries are related to papain and maybe to bromelain
also.)
| COUNTRIES
OF ORIGIN |
JANUARY
- DECEMBER |
JANUARY
- DECEMBER |
|
IMPORTED ENZYMES |
VALUES
IN 1000 DOLLARS |
COMPARISONS
|
| YEARS
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2000
|
2001
|
%
+ or - |
|
|
|
ARGENTINA
|
0
|
1,440
|
1,748
|
3,930
|
6,964
|
6,964
|
3,807
|
-45.33
|
|
AUSTRALIA
|
435
|
433
|
297
|
400
|
432
|
432
|
353
|
-18.29
|
|
AUSTRIA
|
317
|
273
|
30
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
BELGIUM-LUXEMBOURG
|
5,607
|
7,230
|
4,817
|
6,804
|
5,255
|
5,255
|
5,791
|
10.20
|
|
BURMA
|
139
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
BRAZIL
|
66
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
76
|
76
|
651
|
756.58
|
|
CANADA
|
4,727
|
5,336
|
5,692
|
6,907
|
7,440
|
7,440
|
10,436
|
40.27
|
|
SRI
LANKA |
0
|
0
|
11
|
7
|
5
|
5
|
25
|
400.00
|
|
CONGO
(BRAZZAVILLE) |
0
|
0
|
31
|
0
|
59
|
59
|
35
|
-40.68
|
|
CONGO
(KINSHASA) |
79
|
504
|
528
|
618
|
352
|
352
|
135
|
-61.65
|
|
CHINA
(PRC) |
453
|
484
|
414
|
375
|
511
|
511
|
747
|
46.18
|
|
CHILE
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
11
|
0
|
0
|
14
|
--
|
|
COLOMBIA
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
0
|
0
|
149
|
--
|
|
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
|
55
|
20
|
41
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
21
|
950.00
|
|
DENMARK
|
41,698
|
52,892
|
42,463
|
52,938
|
55,013
|
55,013
|
72,119
|
31.09
|
|
ECUADOR
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
15
|
0
|
0
|
2
|
--
|
|
IRELAND
|
7,589
|
3,911
|
2,817
|
1,007
|
2,858
|
2,858
|
2,406
|
-15.82
|
|
ESTONIA
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
29
|
29
|
75
|
158.62
|
|
FINLAND
|
16,423
|
10,848
|
8,589
|
9,262
|
11,621
|
11,621
|
9,005
|
-22.51
|
|
FRANCE
|
6,629
|
8,582
|
8,729
|
8,023
|
39,690
|
39,690
|
14,468
|
-63.55
|
|
GERMANY
|
31,061
|
26,885
|
33,271
|
41,125
|
38,966
|
38,966
|
28,947
|
-25.71
|
|
GREECE
|
0
|
12
|
65
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
8
|
--
|
|
HONG
KONG |
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
ICELAND
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
10
|
--
|
|
INDIA
|
1,275
|
1,692
|
2,034
|
1,879
|
1,547
|
1,547
|
1,731
|
11.89
|
|
ISRAEL
|
463
|
579
|
698
|
528
|
604
|
604
|
561
|
-7.12
|
|
ITALY
|
670
|
820
|
1,878
|
4,798
|
1,341
|
1,341
|
2,776
|
107.01
|
|
JAPAN
|
37,276
|
35,840
|
38,719
|
43,350
|
46,403
|
46,403
|
51,743
|
11.51
|
|
SOUTH
KOREA |
48
|
113
|
51
|
84
|
23
|
23
|
18
|
-21.74
|
|
LITHUANIA
|
379
|
393
|
299
|
402
|
548
|
548
|
361
|
-34.12
|
|
MEXICO
|
2,095
|
2,379
|
2,195
|
1,728
|
2,676
|
2,676
|
2,581
|
-3.55
|
|
NETH.
ANTILLES |
639
|
1,571
|
1,727
|
918
|
2,052
|
2,052
|
697
|
-66.03
|
|
NETHERLANDS
|
1,133
|
4,407
|
5,754
|
7,410
|
5,636
|
5,636
|
4,008
|
-28.89
|
|
NORWAY
|
0
|
0
|
406
|
926
|
1,104
|
1,104
|
1,333
|
20.74
|
|
NEW
ZEALAND |
20
|
6
|
10
|
184
|
5
|
5
|
79
|
1480.00
|
|
PERU
|
53
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
POLAND
|
0
|
21
|
5
|
38
|
37
|
37
|
23
|
-37.84
|
|
PORTUGAL
|
4
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
23
|
--
|
|
PHILIPPINES
|
0
|
3
|
6
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
RUSSIA
|
0
|
15
|
683
|
198
|
314
|
314
|
301
|
-4.14
|
|
SAUDI
ARABIA |
9
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
SOUTH
AFRICA, |
2,864
|
2,906
|
2,371
|
2,027
|
1,218
|
1,218
|
2,014
|
65.35
|
|
SIERRA
LEONE |
0
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
SINGAPORE
|
0
|
0
|
75
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
SPAIN
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
12
|
--
|
|
SWEDEN
|
344
|
499
|
311
|
0
|
39
|
39
|
58
|
48.72
|
|
SWITZERLAND
|
10,051
|
4,440
|
8,918
|
2,450
|
11,064
|
11,064
|
4,189
|
-62.14
|
|
THAILAND
|
1,974
|
3,714
|
3,098
|
2,860
|
3,303
|
3,303
|
3,143
|
-4.84
|
|
TURKEY
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
54
|
--
|
|
TAIWAN
|
17
|
7
|
25
|
195
|
172
|
172
|
294
|
70.93
|
|
UGANDA
|
0
|
26
|
21
|
47
|
132
|
132
|
24
|
-81.82
|
|
UNITED
KINGDOM |
13,488
|
15,195
|
13,081
|
13,241
|
15,527
|
15,527
|
13,375
|
-13.86
|
|
VENEZUELA
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
--
|
|
TOTAL
|
188,081
|
193,486
|
191,910
|
214,713
|
263,018
|
263,018
|
238,602
|
-9.28
|
|
Data
Source: Department of Commerce, US Census Bureau,
Foreign Trade Statistics |
The major exporters to the US are the European Union countries
and other Western European countries. That block accounted
for 54.40% of US market in 2001. Denmark being the leading
exporter. Based on that observation one is entitled to
say that most imports from Europe were other enzymes than
papain, mostly enzymes used in the bakery industry. However
one cannot be absolutely sure as European countries do
import papain from tropical countries for further processing
and re-export to the US market.
Outside of Europe, major enzyme exporters to the US are
Japan, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Canada, Brazil and
Argentina. Japan imports raw material first and then re-exports
processed papain.
The primary African exporters are the Democratic Republic
Of the Congo,
Uganda
and South
Africa. In year 2001 African countries' share in
the food enzymes market was less than 1% of the total
enzymes' exports to the US.
There is some small scale production of papain in the
US mainly in Florida, controlled by Meer Corporation,
which does not have an important impact on the market.
-
THE EUROPEAN MARKET OF FOOD ENZYMES
Globally, as shown in table above, Europe's exports to
the US fluctuate between 75% to 55% of US' market of all
kinds of enzymes.
European countries import a sizable quantity of papain
from West African countries as well as from India. That
papain is then further processed and re-exported to the
US. The level of importing and processing explains the
variation in custom values of imports as listed in above
table.
The major importers of enzymes in the European Union /
EU (by quantity) are Denmark, United Kingdom, Germany
and France. The majority of enzymes used in the EU are
imported from other European countries such as Finland,
Switzerland and Austria. It would be safe to assume that
the enzymes imported from these countries are mostly other
enzymes than papain. But one cannot be absolutely sure.
-
DIFFICULTY TO EVALUATE THE SHARE OF PAPAIN / BROMELAIN
It is very difficult to have free access to statistics
specific to the quantities of papain or bromelain produced
and sold on the global marketplace.
A report is available here
titled: Enzymes For Industrial Applications, which
is selling at US$ 3,350 - hard copy (+ 15% for PDF) without
one having the certitude, in view of posted synopsis,
to obtaining up-to-date and reliable stats and information
on papain and or bromelain.
The analysis of US and EU's customs stats is not easy.
There is a category of "Other enzymes" in US's
customs stats, as above listed, from which one can only
guess the share of papain and bromelain. One can consider
enzymes originating from tropical African and Asian countries
as related mainly to papain and bromelain.
However, it is a well known fact in the trade that Japan
imports raw material (papain) from Thailand and other
Southeast Asian countries for processing and re-exporting,
mainly to the States. European countries also do the same
from African countries. In the US, the major market player
- Meer Corporation - imports the bulk of its marketable
papain from India; and field experiences
are carried out in the state of Georgia to grow papaya
for papain production.
Nevertheless, even though the share of papain / bromelain
is hard to discriminate from the aggregate of "Other
enzymes", the opinion prevails amongst traders that
the demand for papain / bromelain would increase, in view
of their remarkable medicinal properties as previously
exposed.
-
OPPORTUNITY FOR AFRICAN COUNTRIES TO ENTERING THE ENZYMES'
MARKET
Papain is a significant export item for Tanzania,
Uganda,
RDC
and South
Africa. However, imports from African countries
accounted for under 1% of total imports of enzymes to
the US as shown on table above about US imports.
Obviously there is an opportunity for African countries
to entering the market of food enzymes and grabbing a
biggest share because, owing to the pricing
of papain / bromelain on the international marketplace,
producing and exporting - even small quantities - should
be a profitable line of business for African entrepreneurs.
Indeed, there is no doubt that African countries have,
with papain and bromelain, a business opportunity with
a secure credit worthy outlet to the US, the EU and Japan;
not to mention the huge market for nutriments and supplements
not yet fulfilled and available right now in the whole
continent; plus the possibility to supplying (in the near
future) papain and bromelain to the pharmaceutical industry
for the production of vaccine against AIDS / HIV.
Next issue 45
shall deal with investment estimate and production costs
to producing bromelain. Click
here for investment estimate to producing 35 metric
tons / year of high grad freeze-dried papain.
- Interested parties - private African and international investors /
companies, government
agencies,
international development
agencies - to make contact through the Free Access Support Console available at this link
Contact through the support console will get quickest reply from Africabiz Online's staff, than contact by emails. Click here for contact information. Be advised that first contact should be through the support console to be followed by phone calls. If you are a VIP-Member, use VIP-Members Support Console available here.
Before you consult please click
here to review this clarification
|
