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NIGERIA'S HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
VOTE FOR EXTERNAL DEBTS REPUDIATION
On
March 8, 2005, Nigeria's House of Representatives passed a resolution urging President
Olusegun Obasanjo to repudiate the country's external debts estimated at US$ 38
billion.
The resolution was introduced by Deputy Speaker, Hon. Austin
Opara, urging government "to cease forthwith further external debt payment
to any group of foreign creditors."
The Deputy Speaker lamented that
various appeals by President Obasanjo to the nation's creditors for debt reprieve
in support of Nigeria's economic reforms had fallen on deaf ears. The economy,
he stated, will require drastic measures such as debt repudiation to pull it out
of the woods.
According to Hon. Opara, Nigeria was owing US$ 19 billion
as at 1985 while it had paid a total of US$ 37 billion within the same period. "Add up the US$ 37 billion that we have paid so far to the U$ 35.5 billion we
are said to be owing we have up to US$ 70 billion. The point is that our foreign
debt is unacceptable," Hon. Opara stated. [Source:
Daily Champion (Lagos- Nigeria) - By Abiodun Adelaja]
This vote by Nigeria's
House of Representatives to repudiate the country's external debt is an event
of paramount importance for Africa.
This is the first time representatives
of a sub-Saharan African country followed the advise given by Professor Jeffrey
Sachs, director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University and United Nations
Secretary General' special adviser on global anti-poverty targets who declared,
on July 4, 2004, at the Hunger Conference at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: "The time
has come to end this charade. The debts are unaffordable If they won't cancel
the debts I would suggest obstruction; you do it yourselves."
Should
other African countries follow suit and refuse to pay back debts? Are Nigerian
authorities going to implement the recommendation set forth by the House of Representatives?
Or is it just a salvo to warn the international community and trigger reaction
leading to discussions to find a solution?
For the time being, it seems
so, because, in spite of the vote at the House of Representatives, Nigeria' Senate
voted the same day for appropriation of substantial financial means in 2005 national
budget to pay for external debts.
As a sober observer of African political
scenery and the current state of developing in sub-Saharan African countries,
one has to hope that Nigerian authorities "do not cross the Rubicund" of
repudiating external debts. They would be setting the bad example for other African
nations, because that move would not solve the problem of financing the developing.
In the contrary, it would worsen an already bad economic situation, and scare
away international investors.
It is odd that such a move from
the House of Representatives had been taken now that Nigeria is enjoying unprecedented
oil revenues due to the high selling prices of the commodity on international
marketplace.
Would you, dear reader, accept that your debtor refuse to
pay back debts when he is garnering more revenues? Certainly not. And you would
do whatever you can to have your money back. Right?
There are other
alternatives to solving the debt problem that is plaguing the developing of African
nations. Click
here to read more about Debts' Repudiation Is Not The Best Solution For
African Countries.
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and particularly African countries
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Many thanks
for dropping by and see you here on April 15, 2005.
Dr.
B.M. Quenum
Editor
of AFRICABIZ
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Several business opportunities - component parts of the Integrated Developing Scheme described in Africans, Stop Being Poor! are listed in following table.
| a-
SHEA BUTTER (5,
6, 7,
11, 12,
13)
b- BLUE GOLD (14,
15, 16,
17, 18,
19)
c- FREEZE-DRIED PAPAIN (20,
21, 22
and here)
d-
KENAF (23,
24)
e- VEGETABLE OIL (25,
26, 27,
28)
f- CEREALS (30,
31, 32,
33)
g- FRUITS (34,
35, 36,
37, 38,
39, 40,
42, 43,
44, 45,
46)
h- ESSENTIAL OILS (47,
48, 49,
50, 51,
52)
i- ROOTS & TUBERS (54,
55, 56,
57, 58,
59, 60,
61, 62,
63, 64)
j-
FOWL BREEDING (66,
67, 68,
69, 70,
71, 72,
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FOWL BREEDING AS BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY: PART
VII - OPERATING EXPENSES ABOUT A MEDIUM SCALE POULTRY BREEDING OPERATION
In
spite of the unfair
competition exercised by import from Europe, there are opportunities throughout
the continent to establish chicken breeding companies to cater for national demands
provided that operators take necessary managerial and production decisions to
control costs of production.
To establish the breeding stock, one needs
to purchase "one" day old Baby chicks, which are fragile animals. You
may acquire Robert Plamondon's book titled: Success
with baby chick that provides all information for a successful breeding operation.
Investments here
exposed concerned an operation that would produce: 1- Broilers weighting
in average 2 kg ; 2- Reformed Layers that weight in average 2,5 kg and
3- Big and small caliber Eggs. Here
you can read more about the breeding period from Baby Chick to Fat chicken
ready for slaughterhouse.
12 months operation provides 40,000 broilers
ready for market or slaughterhouse, in addition to 1.209 metric tons of eggs -
During said operating period, 50,000 baby chicks broilers and 20,480 baby
chicks layers will be purchased as
here exposed at a cost of US$ .50 for baby chicks and US$ .65 for baby layers
(for bulk purchase per batch of 5,000 units - Origin Mauritius).
Table
below gives an idea about water consumption and total
feed intake per unit bird for breed
classes that reach about 2.0 kg in weight after 60 days breeding period. [Source:
Mauritius' Ministry of Agriculture]:
| WATER
CONSUMPTION DURING BREEDING PERIOD | | Weeks | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | | Consumption
(cc) | 32 | 80 | 145 | 200 | 260 | 310 | 360 | 380 | | WEIGHT
GAIN AND FEED INTAKE | | Days | 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | | Weight
gain (kg) | 0.162 | 0.420 | 0.785 | 1.223 | 1.698 | 2.174 | 2.638 | 3.084 | | Total
Feed intake (kg) | 0.141 | 0.511 | 1.100 | 1.868 | 2.785 | 3.828 | 4.960 | 6.168 |
Throughout
the growing stages, it is compulsory to have a strict medicinal follow-up. The
lack of such surveillance would result in disaster as birds are prone to a string
of diseases (Mareck; Gumboro, Newcastle disease, aviary Bronchitis, Typhose, aviary
Cholera and other parasite's infections) that should be controlled if one does
not want to loose the investment in money and hard work. Medicinal
follow-up's (Vaccine intake) expenses representing roughly one tenth of total
feed and water consumption.
Above preliminaries give information to
estimate operating expenses to producing 40,000 broilers and 1.209 metric tons
of eggs over 12 months breeding period. For
detailed investment level click here.
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OPERATING EXPENSES ESTIMATION FOR A MEDIUM-SCALE CHICKEN
PRODUCTION UNIT
| |
US$ | |
Total
investment | 279,000 |
| PRODUCTION
LEVEL | | 1-
40,000 broilers and 1.209 metric tons of eggs for 12 month
operation. | |
OPERATING COSTS
| | 2-
Baby chicks broilers: 50,000 x .50 (US$) | 25,000 | | 3-
Baby chicks layers: 20,480 x .60 (US$) | 12,288 | | 4-
Water consumption: 70,480 x .310 (liter) x .40 US$ | 8,740 | | 5-
Feed intake: 70,480 x 3,828 (kg) = 270 metric tons x 260 (US$) | 70,200 | | 6-
Medicinal treatment: | 10,000 | | 7-
Salaries: (Manager/ Technical manager - 5 hands) | 8,000 | | 8-
Packing and transport: | 5,000 | | Total
Operating Expenses | 139,228 |
One sees that
feeding (water plus solid animal feeding) represents 56% of operating costs.
Therefore, the operation's bottom line would be positive and generate
profit only if that section is under control, which means that the utilization
of local made animal feed would be better than imported one. Management should
do everything possible to have full control on feed supply from local source.
Africabiz deliveries in brackets [21,
25, 26,
27] considered
the problem of animal feeding.
In most sub-Saharan African cities (except
South Africa) one chicken egg (weighting in average 3.5 gr.) is sold out of "plant"
at around ten cents (.10 US$). Therefore the operation's total eggs sale over
12 months would be in the range of: [1,209,000 gr. divided by 3.5 and multiplied
by .10] = 34,542 US$.
However, as
here exposed the layers will be reaching full egg's production after 18 months
and egg's production level would be amounting to ten times the production level
obtained in 12 months. That is 12, 901 metric tons.
Therefore, the
operation would be yielding in 18 months period around US$ 340,000 US$ for eggs
production only.
Currently, in sub-Saharan African countries, the selling
price of chicken parts imported from Europe is around US$ 3 per kg. Taking the
production level of broilers (40,000) after one year of operation as above explained
one sees that the cost of production per kg is a bit lower than US$ 3 (three)
- considering the revenues generated by egg's production.
The production
cost (per broiler) would be far below US$ 3 after 18 months of operation the production
level standing at 60,000 broilers (from Baby Broilers chicks) over 18 months of
operation, in addition to [10,240 X 270 days (assuming 75% yield)] = 3, 686,400
eggs or 12,901 metric tons of eggs - assuming that each egg weights in average
3.5 gr.
Please remark that at the beginning of the 19th month, the
number of laying birds will dwindle to 10,240 units as layers had performed
the 12 months' laying cycle and should be reformed as Broilers.
Therefore,
one sees that in spite of the unfair
competition exercised by import from Europe, there are opportunities throughout
the continent to establish medium-scale chicken breeding companies to cater for
national demands provided that operators take necessary managerial and production
decisions to control costs of production.
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POSSIBILITY TO SETUP 30,000 MEDIUM-SCALE CHICKEN BREEDING
OPERATIONS ALL OVER AFRICA
In short, considering information
available in several deliveries [66,
67, 68,
69, 70,
71], a medium-scale
chicken breeding operation would generate a yearly revenue in the bracket of US$
580,000 to US$ 600,000 (eggs + broilers + reformed layers).
And due to
untapped existing
chicken meat market in Africa amounting to US$ 20 billions, one is entitled
to deduct that it is possible to establish 30,000 medium-scale chicken breeding
operations in sub-Saharan African countries that would generate direct jobs to
150,000 workers and 30,000 managers.
| MORE
ON FOWL BREEDING | 1-
Poultry
Breeding and Genetics
by R.D. Crawford
2- The
Dollar Hen: The Classic Guide to American Free-Range Farming
by Milo M.
Hastingd, Robert Plamondon
3- Small-Scale
Poultry-Keeping: A Guide To Free-Range Poultry Production
by Ray Feltwell
4- The
Encyclopedia of Farm Animal Nutrition
by M.F. Fuller, et al
5-
The
Mating and Breeding of Poultry
by Harry M. Lamon, Rob R. Slocum
6-
Modern
Livestock and Poultry Production
by James R. Gillespie
|
7- Success
With Baby Chicks: A Complete Guide to Hatchery Selection
by Robert Plamondon
8- The
Classic Guide To Poultry Nutrition:
Chickens, Turkeys, Ducks, Geese, Gamebirds,
and Pigeons
by Gustave F. Hauser
9- The
Strange History of The Ostrich
In Fashion, Food and Fortune
by Rob
Nixon
10- Ostrich's
Avian Incubation: Behaviour, Environment and Evolution
by D. Charles Deeming |
Adobe
Acrobat Reader is available here
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