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| AFRICABIZ
VOL 1 - ISSUE: 98
JUNE
15 - JULY 14, 2007
Previous
Issue
Editor: Dr. Bienvenu-Magloire Quenum
Click here for contact & support console
| | A
WORD FROM THE EDITOR
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Dear visitor and international investor,
We
warmly welcome you, if this is
your first visit to Africabiz
Online - The ultimate newsletter
on trading and investing in 49
sub-Saharan African countries.
If you are a regular and faithful
reader, welcome back.
G8 PROMISES? HOT AIR. NOW EVEN THE FAITHFULS ARE LOST
The
G8 - Club of the most industrialized countries - completed
its annual meeting at Heiligendamm / Germany (June 6-8, 2007)
with a promise to grant Africa 62 billion to fight against AIDS / HIV. Of
course, they said nothing about previous summits resolutions - and particularly
Gleneagles, Scotland, UK, 2005 Summit's resolution
about Debts' cancellation. And had not provided any information about the
timing of the "generosity," the eventual
disbursement of funds - which casts doubt on the "sincerity" of
the pledge.
This is not a scoop for Africabiz Online. We had long
ago expressed our opinion exposed in several issues [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
and stated that G8
Will Never Deliver.
Non Governmental Organizations's leaders and everyone truly concerned about the plight of African countries are now in agreement that G8 will not be the "savior." Even the blinds saw the light, and the faithfuls are lost. Watch following YouTube video to hear Bob Geldof expressing disappointment.
Only the Africans themselves
can reverse the economic stagnation and decline to prosperity for all.
Taking their destiny in their own hands.
This sounds like a repetition as we
had expressed that opinions in several deliveries over 10 years.
But it must be repeated again and again: Africans themselves are the only
ones capable of reversing the trend from shear poverty to prosperity - as
performed by Asian countries.
The western developed countries
do not have a "moral responsibility" to take care of the South. We Africans
cannot, 50 years after gaining political independence, continue blaming former
colonial powers for the underdevelopment or non-development plaguing our
countries.
Sure, we know that Europe
used all ways and means to underdevelop Africa
Still, now the Africans
are the ones responsible for the underdevelopment. The African "elite"
are responsible. They are in charge since 50 years. The African decision-makers
have the moral responsibility to take necessary steps to reversing the
economic decline in sub-Saharan African countries.
Click here
to read about: An Historic Strategic Opportunity Not To Surrender To T.I.N.A.
Dr.
B.M. Quenum
Editor
of AFRICABIZ
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| BUSINESS
OPPORTUNITIES IN AFRICA
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-
Several business opportunities - component parts of the Integrated Developing Scheme described in Africans, Stop Being Poor! are listed in following table.
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a-
SHEA BUTTER (5,
6, 7,
11, 12,
13)
b- BLUE GOLD (14,
15, 16,
17, 18,
19)
c- FREEZE-DRIED PAPAIN (20,
21, 22
and here)
d-
KENAF (23,
24)
e- VEGETABLE OIL (25,
26, 27,
28)
f- CEREALS (30,
31, 32,
33)
g- FRUITS (34,
35, 36,
37, 38,
39, 40,
42, 43,
44, 45,
46)
h- ESSENTIAL OILS (47,
48, 49,
50, 51,
52)
i- ROOTS & TUBERS (54,
55, 56,
57, 58,
59, 60,
61, 62,
63, 64)
j-
FOWL BREEDING (66,
67, 68,
69, 70,
71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76)
k- FISH FARMING (78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87)
l- BIOMASS ENERGY (89, 90, 91, 92)
m- SUGAR CANE & PRODUCTS (93,
94, 95,
96, 97,
98, 99/100, |
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SUGAR CANE & PRODUCTS: PART
VI - A MEDIUM-SCALE OPERATION TO MANUFACTURING BROWN SUGAR - A- PRELIMINARIES
This
series' first issue outlined the importance of sugar-cane
as Economic
Catalyst to developing. The current delivery
deals briefly with the preliminaries about a labor intensive medium-scale operation
- to produce brown sugar from sugarcane juice - as an alternative to a capital
intensive facility.
Sugarcane
juice is
used for making white sugar, brown sugar (Khandsari),
Jaggery (Gur)
and ethanol.
The main byproducts of sugar industry are bagasse and molasses -
as per the production's flow chart at the left side of this paragraph - courtesy
of amproexport.com.
Sugarcane
contains about 70% in weight of juice, in which sucrose and other
substances are held in solution, and 30% in weight of bagasse.
Important
points to remember during crushing are:
(1) Sugarcane sticks must be crushed within 24 hours of being
harvested. After this time sucrose begins to 'invert' into different
kind of sugars that will not crystallized well.
(2) Crushing efficiency is the most important factor to maximizing
sugar (sucrose) yields.
Every possible amount of juice needs to be squeezed from the
sugarcane sticks - in order also to have bagasses that are easy to dry.
The juice is collected, filtered and sometimes treated (with natural additives
such as lime, wood ashes and or chemicals stabilizers such as sulfur dioxides
or sodium hydrogen sulphates - to settle impurities and "clarify"/
lighten the liquid color) and then boiled to evaporate water in excess.
The dried crushed sugarcane residue (bagasse) is often used as fuel for
the boiling process but it can also be used as raw material to produce
tar-saturated cardboard roofing. The remaining liquid is allowed to
set into a solid mass known as jaggery, gur, chancaca, or panela.
These can be further dried to produce muscovado /brown sugar.
- THE
BOILING PROCESSS
This is a critical process that determines final product's yields. Small-scale
producers in Asian countries perform it in large pans over open fires
or simple furnaces. It is essential to use clean pans and
tools, for once the juice has been heated, impurities would speed the sugar-inversion process,
and lead to reduced yield of sucrose/ sugar. Therefore, the boiling pans and
tools should be thoroughly cleaned between uses.
Sediment settles to the bottom of the pan during boiling
and is dredged out. Scum rises to the top and is skimmed off. (These
wastes can be used to feed cattle). The end point of the boiling
process corresponds to a Brix (sugar content) of 90-95%. [Source]
The "perfect" control of the boiling process is therefore critical
in order to obtain a quality-stable final product that is appealing to consumers.
It requires experienced and skilled workers who have the adequate know-how
to transferring the juice from pan to pan, to ensuring (a) the
maximum clarification of the juice, (b) the
maximum concentration of juice into syrup and from syrup to massecuite,
and, finally, (c) the
development of bigger and maximum number of sugar crystals in the massecuite
(RAB).
Therefore,
investment estimate exposed in next
delivery - July 15, 2007/ Issue 99/100
will consider the utilization of modern technology - yet affordable - Open
Pan Boiling/ Evaporating System to establishing a medium-scale operation to
producing brown sugar/ muscovado.
The above chart-flow shows that the Centrifugal process yields 50 kg of lightly
colored brown sugar and about 80 kg of brown sugar
(melted) with molasses - from one ton of sugarcane sticks.
Next delivery (Issue
99/100 July 15, 2007) will give more information about the centrifugal process
and expose data and economics to sizing up a
medium-scale operation to producing brown sugar (from sugarcane juice) - based
on labor intensive modern technology.
| MORE
ON SUGAR CANE & PRODUCTS |
1-
Sugar
Cane Industry, The (Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography)
by J.H. Galloway (Paperback Sep 23, 2005)
2- The
House Surrounded by Sugar
by Leanna Williams (Paperback - Mar 8, 2006)
3- From
Cane to Sugar (Start to Finish)
by Jill Braithwaite (Hardcover - Aug 2004)
4- Cane
Sugar Handbook: A Manual for Cane Sugar Manufacturers and Their Chemists
by James C. P. Chen and Chung Chi Chou (Hardcover - Nov 8, 1993)
5-
Sugar
Cane
by Alex Morgan (Paperback - Aug 28, 2002)
6-
The
Sugar cane factory: A catechism of cane sugar manufacture for the use of beginners
by Frederic I Scard (Unknown Binding - 1913)
7- Sugar
Cane Cultivation and Management
by Henk, Bakker and H., Bakker (Hardcover - Jan 1, 1999)
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8- Sugar
Cane (Tropical Agriculturalist)
by R. Fauconnier (Paperback - Feb 24, 1993)
9- Management
Accounting for the Sugar Cane Industry (Sugar Sciences, Vol 8)
by A. E. Fok Kam (Hardcover - Mar 1988)
10- The
nature and properties of the sugar cane
With practical directions for the improvement of its cultures, and the
manufacture of its products)
by George Richardson Porter (Unknown Binding - 1831)
11- Sugar-cane
and Sugar Industry in Nigeria
The Bitter Sweet Lessons
by Abdul-latif D. Busari (Paperback - Nov 2005)
12- The
2007-2012 World Outlook for Sugar Cane Mill Products
by Philip M. Parker (Paperback - Oct 13, 2006)
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